The gap between economic rationality, as embedded in utility maximization, and ethical rationality, identified with a set of rules that prescribe the right course of action, has been a challenging issue for economists, philosophers, and business ethicists. Despite the difference and the noncompetition between a scientific economic approach of economics and business ethics, and a behavioral and philosophical one, we highlight the importance of the Aristotelian concept of prudence or phronesis applied to business activity. Phronesis allows for a conceptualization of (...) rationality that can be simultaneously applied to economics and ethics. It also allows conceiving the intrinsically ethical nature of economic rationality. This relationship requires an appropriate education and the intervention of the state. (shrink)

In recent years, the issue of corporate social responsibility has become particularly relevant. Accelerating technological advances and increasing consumption are increasingly causing negative impacts on the environment and society that is why the organizations’ social responsibility is becoming more and more relevant every year. The experience of foreign countries shows that social responsibility is useful not only for business but also for its environment, determines the increasing number of socially responsible organizations in Lithuania and a more favorable attitude of consumers (...) towards the activities of organizations [36]. According to Mauriciene and Pauzuoliene, the priority of socially responsible organizations is the expectations and needs of consumers. Socially responsible organizations emphasize in their activity reports the importance of socially responsible activities to the organization, its employees, society and consumers. Consumers are more likely to appreciate such an organization, prefer to choose its products, encourage others to do the same, and believe more in what it does. Analysis of the literature. The issues of corporate social responsibility are investigated by both Lithuanian and foreign scientists and others). It is noticed that foreign scientists Henderson, 2007; Rodriguez, Cruz, 2007; Grosbois, 2012; Dolores, Vargas-Sanchez, 2014; Joon-Ho, Bong-Ihn, Ki-Tai, Jong-Pil, 2017, Ponnapureddy et al. Robin et al, Mensah, Lee and Heo et al sufficiently widely analyze hotel social responsibility. The aim of the work is to investigate the social responsibility of the organization from the point of view of consumers. The objectives raised in the work: To discuss the concept of corporate social responsibility and the peculiarities of implementing in the activities; To describe the models of corporate social responsibility; To assess the social responsibility of accommodation providers in terms of consumers. The following research methods were used to achieve the aim and objectives: analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire survey and statistical analysis of the obtained data. The result of the study. Taking into account the social responsibility of accommodation companies from the point of view of consumers, as an interested party and one of the most important market participants, according to the ethical, legal and economic responsibility components it is stated that the social responsibility of accommodation companies is of medium level and should be improved according to all criteria. (shrink)

This study examines how multinational corporations (MNCs) from the retail sector deal with four challenges they face when adopting Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies: the challenge of developing well-performing CSR projects and programs, building competitive advantages based on CSR, responding to local stakeholder issues in the host countries and learning from different CSR experiences on a worldwide basis. Based on in-depth case studies of two globally leading retail MNCs (with strong operations in Latin America), the concept of Transverse CSR Management (...) emerged. Transverse CSR Management is defined as a distinctive form of organizational configuration that crosses different functional areas, country operations, and the boundaries of the firm. In particular, this article makes three main contributions: (1) we identify four central challenges faced by MNC managers when developing their CSR strategies; (2) we propose the concept of Transverse CSR Management to face these central challenges (together, at the same time) and identify its key elements (top management, external stakeholders, functional areas, and country subsidiaries); and (3) we propose four mechanisms (hierarchical, relational, cultural, and collaborative) through which the concept of Transverse CSR Management can be implemented by practicing managers. This study provides valuable insights for MNC managers in headquarters and subsidiaries on the issues they need to address in order to successfully deal with the four CSRrelated challenges. (shrink)

What is the relationship between the concepts of the predictive processing theory of brain functioning and the everyday concepts with which people conduct and explain their mental lives? To answer this question, we focus on predictive processing explanations of mental disorder that appeal to false inference. After distinguishing two concepts of false inference, we survey four ways of understanding the relationship between explanations of mental phenomena at the personal and sub-personal level. We then argue that if predictive processing accurately accounts (...) for psychological and socio-cultural dynamics, then personal and sub-personal concepts must display a looping relationship that can impact the nature of at least some mental phenomena. In particular, explaining the phenomenon of delusion in terms of the sub-personal concept of false inference should change the nature of delusional experiences themselves. (shrink)

Plagiarism is a prevalent form of academic dishonesty in the undergraduate instructional context. Although students engage in plagiarism with some frequency, instructors often do little to help students understand the significance of plagiarism or to create assignments that reduce its likelihood. This study reports survey, coding, and TurnItIn software results from an evaluation of an instructional activity designed to help students improve their understanding of plagiarism, the consequences of plagiarizing, strategies to help them engage in ethical writing, and key citation (...) elements. Results indicate students had a greater understanding of plagiarism, increased efficacy, and fewer instances of plagiarism as determined by TurnItIn plagiarism software after exposure to an instructional activity on plagiarism. Not surprisingly, when instructors prioritize academic honesty in their classrooms, train students on how to integrate others’ works, cite sources appropriately, and use plagiarism detection software, students are less likely to plagiarize. The discussion includes suggestions for instructors to help them create a plagiarism-free environment. (shrink)

This paper examines explanations for human artistic behavior in two reductionist research programs, cognitive neuroscience and evolutionary psychology. Despite their different methodological outlooks, both approaches converge on an explanation of art production and appreciation as byproducts of normal perceptual and motivational cognitive skills that evolved in response to problems originally not related to art, such as the discrimination of salient visual stimuli and speech sounds. The explanatory power of this reductionist framework does not obviate the need for higher-level accounts of (...) art from the humanities, such as aesthetics, art history or anthropology of art. (shrink)

The aim of the present paper is to show the need for cosmology in Peirce’s thought. To reach this goal, I first clarify Peirce’s definition of cosmology and its place in the classification of the sciences. Then, I shed slight on the entailment of cosmology in Peirce’s understanding of metaphysics and of logic, and I elucidate these connections in view of Synechism. Finally, in the light of the results achieved through the analysis, I provide a summarily description of Peirce’s cosmology, (...) far from the common interpretation of it. (shrink)

Gervain et al. discuss both behavioral and neurophysiological AGL studies that investigate rule and structure learning processes in infants. The paper provides an overview of all the major AGL paradigms used to date to investigate infant learning abilities at the level of morpho‐phonology and syntax from a very early age onwards. Gervain et al. also discuss the implications of the results for a general theory of natural language acquisition.

The present paper proposes an emergentist reading of Peirce, with special reference to his concept of evolution. Although the author never adopts the word “emergence” in a technical manner, it will be demonstrated that the core problem of emergence lies at the heart of his evolutionary doctrine, generally displayed by the interplay of his three well-known categories of Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness. Indeed, although the Classical pragmatists most quoted in connection to emergentism are Dewey and Mead (and William James to (...) some degree), scholars have recently suggested some emergentist readings of Peirce’s thought (cf. above all Tiercelin 1998, Quieroz & El-Hani 2006, Rose 2016), in particular with regard to semiotic process and cosmogony. Exploring further the path opened by those researches, the present paper aims to clarify the theoretical problem of emergent evolution from a pragmatist perspective and especially to illustrate Peirce’s emergentist standpoint. In order to reach this goal, the article is divided into four parts: after (1) a brief introduction to the contemporary debates on emergence, (2) I give a historical overview of Classical Pragmatism and British Emergentists, (3) with a special focus on the common roots of the British Emergentists and Peirce on evolution. Finally, (4) I offer an emergentist reading of Peirce’s theory of evolution. In particular, I show how his strong emphasis on chance and the “growth” of the universe go together with his arch-stone of synechism (that is his theory of continuity), through what he calls agapasm. (shrink)

La Filosofía de la Vida tiene su surgimiento y origen en las protestas del siglo XVIII contra el formalismo, el racionalismo y de hecho contra toda forma de pensamiento abstracto que no tenga en cuenta la totalidad de la persona, el vivir, el sentir, la personalidad deseante en su plenitud. La palabra vida en aquellos momentos fue un grito de guerra contra la fijeza y determinaciones de la convención. La vida se refería al conjunto de poderes internos del hombre, especialmente (...) a los poderes irracionales del sentimiento y la pasión frente al poder imperante de la comprensión irracional. Wilhelm Dilthey fue uno de los representantes de esta corriente filosófica el cual se planteó como horizonte de su filosofía de la vida el problema de la formulación de una teoría de las ciencias humanas. La importancia de su pensamiento radica en sus investigaciones sobre la gnoseología de las ciencias del espíritu y sobre la psicología, a la cual dio el nombre de Psicología Descriptiva y Analítica, Psicología Estructural o Psicología de la Comprensión. Por lo tanto, teniendo como objeto a la Filosofía de Dilthey se pretende determinar sus principales aportes a la teoría hermenéutica a través de su concepción de las Ciencias Humanas. Si la hermenéutica es la interpretación general de las manifestaciones del espíritu expresadas en signos y alusivas a las vivencias, el fundamento metódico de esta hermenéutica no es la explicación, sino la comprensión. La comprensión como acto original mediante el cual se capta el mundo del espíritu manifestado en exteriorizaciones y se refiere a lo objetivado al ser que lo objetiva, esto es el hombre como creador de la cultura, determinándola y siendo a su vez parte de ella. El significado es inmanente a la textura de la vida. El significado no es subjetivo, no es una proyección del pensamiento sobre el objeto, es una percepción real dentro de un nexo previo a la separación del sujeto y el objeto en el pensamiento. En este sentido, el texto es la expresión de los sentimientos de su autor y los intérpretes deben intentar ponerse en el lugar del autor para revivir el acto creador. Sin embargo el problema de esta concepción es principalmente su exceso de fe en el género humano: presupone que todo el mundo tiene la misma capacidad para superar las dificultades que entraña todo proceso de comprensión. Se basa en la creencia de que es posible alcanzar una única interpretación correcta. Con la contribución de Dilthey a la hermenéutica se amplió el horizonte de esta disciplina sacándola de los marcos de la interpretación de textos y del análisis psicológico de Schleiermacher llevándola a un ámbito más general y abarcador en el cual integra diversas disciplinas para la explicación en el contexto de la interpretación de los estudios humanos. (shrink)

The problem of mobbing in the workplace incorporating bullying has been looked into for three decades, at the same time searching for ways of reducing harm to organisations and their members made by the phenomenon. In Lithuania, single cases of research into the phenomenon were started only a little more than a decade ago, so both organisations and general public still lack knowledge about the phenomenon. Besides, variations of the definition of mobbing and bullying among the definitions of Lithuanian and (...) foreign scientists approves the need in clarification, which is particularly obvious in the works published in Lithuanian. In this research, theoretical insights into mobbing in the workplace incorporating bullying are presented, discussing the definitions of mobbing and bullying as a psychosocial stressor, and the results of studies illustrating harm from mobbing and bullying. (shrink)

Following Darwin, many comparative psychologists assume that the human mind is a kind of ape mind, differing only in degree from the extant apes – we call this the mental continuity assumption. However, the continuity principle in evolutionary theory does not posit continuity between extant closely related species, but between extant species and their extinct ancestors. Thus, it is possible that some human cognitive capacities have no parallels in extant apes, but that they emerged in extinct hominid species after the (...) human-chimpanzee divergence. Our examination of the case of social cognition from an archaeological and comparative psychological perspective suggests that the human brain is not simply an enlarged chimpanzee brain. Instead, natural selection seems to have favoured a different social cognition in both species. (shrink)

Seres humanos têm necessidade perene de encontrar respostas significativas para a sua vida: as respostas implicam a espiritualidade/religiosidade/religião e as experiências culturais. Nesse contexto objetiva-se discutir na perspectiva ético-fenomenológica a atuação pública das pessoas que detêm conhecimento teológico em vista de colaborar para a vida na sociedade plural do século XXI. A literatura escolhida para pensar crítico-reflexivamente a questão tem base fenomenológica, teológico-moral, e a perspectiva pública da Teologia. Observa-se que medo e culpabilidade estão ligados às “falsas imagens” de Deus; (...) não são de poucos os prejuízos e as dificuldades causadas por esta equivocada experiência. Resulta que convém reconsiderar, em muitos casos, a vida moral a partir de um _ethos_ profético, tornando mais crível e acolhedora a presença do Divino no mundo. Ou seja, requer sair da Academia e/ou dos Templos para estar junto à sociedade que convive em interculturalidade e inter-religiosidade. (shrink)

The objectives of the present study were to adapt a grief intervention program to family caregivers of patients with dementia, and assess its effectiveness in improving the symptoms of grief and other health-related variables. The intervention was based on Shear and Bloom's grief intervention program, with the necessary adaptations for use in the grieving process for a family member's illness. A total of 52 family caregivers of individuals with dementia participated. They were evaluated using a battery of self-report measures assessing (...) grief, overload, resilience, post-traumatic growth, experiential avoidance, health-related quality of life, and benefits of care. The results suggest that the program is effective in improving grief symptoms, caregiver burden, resilience, post-traumatic growth, and quality of life of family caregivers. It is necessary to create and implement interventions targeting caregivers' feelings and manifestations of ambiguous grief, because there is a lack of programs providing an efficient solution for the mental and physical health of caregivers, and because of the human and socioeconomic cost involved in neglecting this group. (shrink)

O governo das diferenças e a potência da vida surda na escola Resumo: É urgente afirmar a surdez como acontecimento ontológico, produtor de diferenças, as quais se materializam no corpo dos sujeitos surdos. O artigo objetiva produzir uma análise filosófica da surdez-acontecimento, fazendo um paralelo entre a ação das políticas educacionais e a micro relação do cotidiano escolar, pelo movimento de resistência das pessoas surdas às políticas igualitárias. O conceito de governamentalidade, desenvolvido por Michel Foucault, é fundamental para essa reflexão, (...) apontando dois movimentos nas práticas inclusivas: o primeiro, agenciado na pauta da diversidade, com foco em práticas igualitárias e o segundo movimento, produzido na lógica da diferença. Propõe-se anunciar a surdez não apenas pela diferença, linguístico-cultural, mas como efeito de uma diferença ontológica espalhada no corpo social por fluxos ramificados, em movimentos intensivos, minando internamente os sujeitos e por eles, as variadas instituições. É a prática rasteira da contra-ação desse “ser” surdo às ações normalizadoras que interessa aqui ressaltar. Palavras-chave: Educação de surdos. Políticas inclusivas. Diferenças. Apoio e financimento da pesquisa: FAPESP e à CAPES Government of differences and the power of deaf life in school: It is urgent to affirm deafness as an ontological event, producer of differences, which materialize in the body of deaf subjects. The article aims to produce a philosophical analysis of deafness-event, making a parallel between the action of educational policies and the micro relationship of school daily, by the movement of resistance of deaf people to egalitarian policies. The concept of governmentality, developed by Michel Foucault, is fundamental to this reflection, pointing out two movements in inclusive practices: the first, guided by the diversity agenda, focusing on egalitarian practices and the second movement, produced in the logic of difference. It is proposed to announce deafness not only by linguistic-cultural difference, but as the effect of an ontological difference spread in the social body by branched flows, intensive movements, internally undermining the subjects and by them the various institutions. It is the low practice of counteracting this deaf “being” to normalizing actions that is of interest here. Keywords: Deaf education. Inclusive policies. Differences. Gobierno de diferencias y el poder de la vida de los sordos en la escuela Resumen: Es urgente afirmar la sordera como un evento ontológico, productor de diferencias, que se materializa en el cuerpo de los sordos. El artículo tiene como objetivo producir un análisis filosófico del evento de sordera, haciendo un paralelo entre la acción de las políticas educativas y la micro relación de la escuela diaria, por el movimiento de resistencia de las personas sordas a las políticas igualitarias. El concepto de gubernamentalidad, desarrollado por Michel Foucault, es fundamental para esta reflexión, señalando dos movimientos en prácticas inclusivas: el primero, guiado por la agenda de la diversidad, centrado en prácticas igualitarias y el segundo movimiento, producido en la lógica de la diferencia. Se propone anunciar la sordera no solo por la diferencia lingüístico-cultural, sino como el efecto de una diferencia ontológica propagada en el cuerpo social por flujos ramificados, movimientos intensivos, que debilitan internamente a los sujetos y por ellos a las diversas instituciones. Lo que interesa aquí es la baja práctica de contrarrestar este "ser" sordo para normalizar las acciones. Palabras clave: Educación para sordos. Políticas inclusivas. Diferencias. Data de registro: 11/12/2019 Data de aceite: 21/10/2020. (shrink)

O estresse percebido afeta diretamente a sensação de bem-estar e sabe-se que o trabalho é uma das principais fontes de estresse. Neste artigo, objetivou-se analisar a percepção de estresse e bem-estar entre trabalhadores da cidade de Franca (SP) em comparação com o restante do Brasil. Participaram 291 trabalhadores, sendo 110 de Franca (Grupo Franca – GF) e 181 do restante do Brasil (Grupo Brasil – GB). Do total amostral, a maioria foi de mulheres (67,4%) em idade economicamente ativa (75,6%), sem (...) filhos (52,92%), com ensino superior ou pós-graduação (74%), trabalhando em comércio e serviços (61,5%) e em regime celetista (55%). Os participantes responderam, on-line, a dois instrumentos para avaliar a percepção de estresse e bem-estar. Utilizou-se o teste t e correlação de Pearson para análises das variáveis estudadas. Observou-se que o bem-estar indica significativa (p ≤ 0,001) correlação negativa com a percepção de estresse na amostra como um todo (GF r = -0,40 e GB r = -0,50) e, apesar de não terem sido identificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos, a cidade de Franca não apresentou correlação significativa com os fatores estressores relativos à carga e ao ambiente de trabalho. Todos os demais fatores estressores (financeiro, social, cognições, família, saúde e relaxamento) apresentaram correlações maiores no GB do que no GF. Os dados sugerem que, apesar de o estresse afetar diretamente a sensação de bem-estar, a vivência fora dos grandes centros urbanos, em cidades menores, parece proporcionar uma relação mais adequada com o trabalho. (shrink)

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación es describir las diferentes maneras de concebir el paisaje. Para ello, fueron analizadas, fichadas y discutidas múltiples fuentes de información, seleccionándose los planteamientos más expresivos de la racionalidad teórica desde la cual el paisaje es concebido. Se encontró que, habiendo nacido el paisaje de la pintura de la Edad Media, hoy día es estudiado como representación artística por la estética, como geosistema por la geografía, como ecosistema por la ecología y como apropiación subjetiva del (...) territorio por la sociología, la antropología y la semiótica. Pero la experiencia paisajística contemplativa realizada predominantemente bajo formas estéticas no es una perspectiva suficientemente atendida a pesar de que, junto con la representación artística del paisaje, constituye la perspectiva más fidedigna del concepto de paisaje.: The objective is to describe different landscape approaches. To carry this out, multiple information sources were analysed, recorded and discussed, selecting the most expressive approaches of the theoretical rationality from which the landscape is conceived. It was found that having the painting landscape born in the Middle Ages, it is studied today by aesthetics as an artistic representation, as a geosystem by geography, as an ecosystem by ecology and as a subjective appropriation of the territory by sociology, anthropology and semiotics. However, the contemplative landscape experience was predominantly carried out under aesthetic form, but it is not a perspective sufficiently attended. Alongside with the artistic representation of the landscape, constitutes the most reliable perspective of the landscape concept. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to explain Scotus’s transformation of the Aristotelian view on the difference between rational and irrational potencies. In Metaphysics 9, 2 Aristotle establishes the distinction between rational and nonrational powers and explains their difference in terms of their being ad opposita and ad unum, respectively. In his interpretation Scotus concludes that the most basic division between active principles is the difference between nature and will, rather than the difference between univocal and equivocal agents. Thus, the (...) Aristotelian distinction between rational and non-rational powers has now become a distinction between nature and will. And the criterion for such a difference no longer lies in the contrast between ad unum and ad opposita, but rather is based on the twofold way the potencies can elicit their acts. Therefore, according to Scotus, the key difference between nature and will is the distinction between autonomy and heteronomy. (shrink)

La filosofía ha tratado a la pobreza como riqueza desde diversas aproximaciones. Sin embargo, en cada una de ellas es esencial la llamada a vivir una vida justa y feliz, inseparable de su forma y que, a la vez, abierta radicalmente a la expropiación por lo inapropiable. Confesión y don del Espíritu Santo en San Agustín, vínculo esencial de los pueblos de Occidente con lo Libre-liberante y, así, abiertos a su destino histórico y ontológico en Martin Heidegger, lo neutro ni (...) animal ni humano en un vínculo con lo inapropiable en Giorgio Agamben. En cada uno de estos casos se pone en jaque a la tradición de la metafísica que culminó en el nihilismo, la voluntad de poder y la lógica del valor. Resulta relevante volver a la cuestión de la pobreza tanto para pensar una vía de salida a la metafísica y a la biopolítica, como también para indagar en qué medida el cristianismo excede a la historia de la metafísica. (shrink)

Although the concept of _social value_ has been present in business literature for over a century, it lacks definitional consensus, is often imprecise, and has not been sufficiently theorized. With social value becoming more prevalent across business scholarship domains, the lack of conceptual clarity and consistency hampers substantive research progress. We conduct an integrative review of 288 articles drawn from 60 peer-reviewed journals covering a wide spectrum of business domains. We synthesize the review findings into a polythetic typology that identifies (...) five distinct approaches to understanding and managing social value in business. The proposed typology of social value organizes and consolidates the theoretical and conceptual heterogeneity of the social value concept providing much-needed clarity and structure for future research. It allows scholars to structure and unify various conceptualizations into a more holistic yet nuanced understanding, and the necessary (but currently lacking) clarity to enable new theorizing and guide future research. The proposed typology further offers new ways of thinking about social value and provides direction to managerial practice on the desirability and feasibility of implementing different social value approaches into firms’ core business operations and strategies. (shrink)

An experimental breast-feeding education programme conducted at the Philippine General Hospital in Manila demonstrated that women could be motivated to improve their breast-feeding practices and lengthen their period of lactational amenorrhoea in comparison to a control group. Mothers who participated in the programme breast-fed their babies more frequently, delayed the introduction of regular supplements, used fewer bottles and pacifiers and maintained night feeding longer than mothers who were not exposed to the positive breast-feeding messages. The programme was successful in lengthening (...) the period of amenorrhoea among women with elementary, high school, or technical school education, but not among college-educated women. Different educational approaches may be necessary for women of different education levels. (shrink)

This introductory essay provides a historical and cross-cultural overview of evolutionary ethics, and how it can be situated within naturalized ethics. We also situate the contributions to this volume.

Situationists in moral philosophy infer from empirical studies in social psychology that human beings lack cross-situational behavioral consistency: that is, for the most part, we human beings are not able to act in the same trait-relevant way across a range of distinct types of situations, because those situational differences trigger differences in behavior. In this paper we defend the following thesis: one who accepts this conclusion (that is, one who judges that human beings in general are not possessed of behavioral (...) consistency) cannot make a promise in good faith. This has important consequences for the ethical institution of promising and its associated reactive attitudes. (shrink)

Esta introducción presenta la contraposición entre causa natural y causa libre. En primer lugar, se muestra que el modo moderno de comprender y oponer lo natural (como fuerza de efi ciencia) a lo libre (como racionalidad) hunde sus raíces en el pensamiento de J. Duns Escoto. A continuación se plantea la hipótesis de la continuidad entre el pensamiento de Escoto y la Modernidad a través de la mediación de la Segunda Escolástica. Por último, se presta atención al pensamiento de Suárez (...) sobre el tema. En resumen, los focos temáticos del volumen son tres: la doctrina de Escoto sobre la voluntad y la libertad, las vías de transmisión de estas doctrinas escotistas entre los siglos XIV y XVII, y la doctrina de Suárez acerca de la voluntad, la libertad y la naturaleza. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to explain Scotus’s transformation of the Aristotelian view on the difference between rational and irrational potencies. In Metaphysics 9, 2 Aristotle establishes the distinction between rational and nonrational powers and explains their difference in terms of their being ad opposita and ad unum, respectively. In his interpretation Scotus concludes that the most basic division between active principles is the difference between nature and will, rather than the difference between univocal and equivocal agents. Thus, the (...) Aristotelian distinction between rational and non-rational powers has now become a distinction between nature and will. And the criterion for such a difference no longer lies in the contrast between ad unum and ad opposita, but rather is based on the twofold way the potencies can elicit their acts. Therefore, according to Scotus, the key difference between nature and will is the distinction between autonomy and heteronomy. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza un grupo de producciones audiovisuales latinoamericanas a la luz del problema de lo “necropolítico” de Achile Mbembe. Estas películas y series de televisión se han producido desde los años noventa del siglo xx hasta la actualidad, y tienen como universo temático el mundo delincuencial de ciudades latinoamericanas, corpus que he conceptualizado anteriormente dentro de la estética audiovisual como Noir Lumpen latinoamericano. Dentro de esto, nos posibilitará pensar un problema extracinematográfico: cómo las formas “necropolíticas” son el régimen biopolítico (...) en que viven vastos sectores de las sociedades latinoamericanas y que sus espacios urbanos no toman las formas de la cárcel panóptica foucaultiana, sino las formas de los pabellones penitenciarios latinoamericanos. (shrink)

The relationship between James and Whitehead has been underlined from the very outset by the critical scholarship on Whitehead, as is testified by the presence of articles that appeared before the author’s death. By dissociating myself from the radical interpretation that frames Whitehead’s speculative opus as a systematization of James’s ideas, I survey that confrontation which has been advanced in the last years (Weber 2002, 2003, 2011, Sinclair 2009) in order to provide further contribution, by tackle the problem of novelty. (...) Precisely, I concentrate on those instances, especially the methodological ones, which are not simply akin, but rather properly shared by the authors. In other words, I focus on those grounding ideas from which they endorse a pluralistic universe, conceived in connection with the problem of novelty. Properly, 1) I analyze the way Whitehead refers to James in his books; 2) I compare the roles they acknowledge to reason, in the nexus with the concept of experience; 3) I show the importance both authors ascribe to the problem of novelty, the main topic involved in their efforts to build up new cosmologies. (shrink)

Resumo: O ingresso de estudantes surdos no ensino superior tem ampliado nos últimos anos, e com isso, a inclusão desses estudantes, passa a ser um desafio. Nesse sentido, objetivamos neste estudo analisar a sua inclusão no ensino superior em Portugal. O estudo compreende a trajetória de três estudantes surdos vinculados a duas instituições de ensino superior, e cuja comunicação se estabelece pela Língua Portuguesa. Como forma de levantamento de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruradas, nas modalidades presencial e por videoconferência. Salientamos (...) que a escolha pela língua oral utilizada durante a entrevista foi dos estudantes, uma vez que estes alunos utilizam na maior parte do seu tempo a Língua Portuguesa, na sua vertente oral e escrita. Os resultados apontam para a importância de repensar a oferta de ensino permeado pela presença da Língua Gestual Portuguesa (LGP) nas atividades acadêmicas tendo em conta as principais necessidades apontadas pelos estudantes que participaram neste estudo: a) presença do intérprete de LGP nas salas de aula; b) colaboração dos professores da educação superior; c) interações sociais na universidade, e d) inclusão de estudantes surdos, o que demonstra a importância de repensar as práticas inclusivas para estudantes universitários surdos nas Instituições que frequentam. Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior; Estudantes surdos; Inclusão. Deaf students in Higher Education in Portugal - a reflection on inclusion Abstract: The enrollment of deaf students in higher education has increased in recent years, and with that, the inclusion of these students, becomes a challenge. In this sense, we aim in this study to analyze its inclusion in higher education in Portugal. The study comprises the trajectory of three deaf students linked to two higher education institutions, and whose communication is established by the Portuguese Language. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted, in person and by video conference. We emphasize that the choice of the oral language used during the interview was of the students, since these students use most of their time the Portuguese language, in its oral and written components. The results point to the importance of rethinking the teaching offer permeated by the presence of the Portuguese Sign Language (PSL) in academic activities taking into account the main needs pointed out by the students who participated in this study: a) presence of the PSL interpreter in the classroom; b) collaboration of higher education teachers; c) social interactions at the university, and d) inclusion of deaf students, which demonstrates the importance of rethinking inclusive practices for deaf students in the Institutions they attend. Keywords: Higher Education; Deaf students; Inclusion. Estudiantes sordos en Educación Superior en Portugal - una reflexión sobre su inclusión Resumen: La matrícula de estudiantes sordos en la educación superior se ha incrementado en los últimos años, y con ello, la inclusión de estos estudiantes, se convierte en un desafío. En este sentido, nuestro objetivo en este estudio es analizar su inclusión en la educación superior en Portugal. El estudio comprende la trayectoria de tres estudiantes sordos vinculados a dos instituciones de educación superior, cuya comunicación está establecida por la lengua portuguesa. Como medio de recopilación de datos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, en persona y por videoconferencia. Destacamos que la elección del idioma portugués utilizado durante la entrevista fue de los estudiantes, ya que estos estudiantes utilizan la mayor parte de su tiempo el idioma portugués, en sus aspectos oral y escrito. Los resultados apuntan a la importancia de repensar la oferta docente permeada por la presencia de la Lengua de Signos Portuguesa (LSP) en las actividades académicas teniendo en cuenta las principales necesidades señaladas por los estudiantes que participaron en este estudio: a) presencia del intérprete LSP en las aulas; b) colaboración de profesores de educación superior; c) interacciones sociales en la universidad, y d) inclusión de estudiantes sordos, lo que demuestra la importancia de repensar las prácticas inclusivas para los estudiantes universitarios sordos en las Instituciones a las que asisten. Palabras clave: Educación superior; Estudiantes sordos; Inclusión. Data de registro: 15/04/2021 Data de aceite: 01/12/2021. (shrink)

En el siguiente artículo se propone una lectura de L’aperto: l’uomo e l’animale de Giorgio Agamben a partir de aspectos que han sido dejados de lado, como su vínculo con el resto de la obra agambeniana, la singular teorización de un mesianismo ni animal ni humano y antiespecista, su aporte a los estudios críticos animales, pero sobre todo, se trata de prestar atención al detalle, pues como señalaba Aby Warburg, el buen Dios se esconde en el detalle. El detalle que (...) ha pasado desapercibido es el último epígrafe del libro adjudicado a Furio Jesi en el que se lee: «Esoterismo significa: articulaciones de modos de no-conocimiento». En el artículo se expone el esoterismo de Rainer Maria Rilke según Furio Jesi y cómo él resulta determinante en la filosofía agambeniana para pensar una vía de salida a la máquina antropológica. (shrink)

Los temas que contiene van desde estudios sobre los contextos culturales español e hispanoamericano en los que le tocó vivir a nuestro filósofo, y trabajos sobre los principales temas filosóficos sobre los que centró su abundante producción escrita.

What understanding of mathematical objectivity is promoted by Peirce’s pragmatism? Can Peirce’s theory help us to further comprehend the role of intersubjectivity in mathematics? This paper aims to answer such questions, with special reference to recent debates on mathematical practice, where Peirce is often quoted, although without a detailed scrutiny of his theses. In particular, the paper investigates the role of intersubjectivity in the constitution of mathematical objects according to Peirce. Generally speaking, this represents one of the key issues for (...) the philosophy of mathematical practice, whereas – with regard to Peirce – these two aspects (intersubjectivity and objectivity) have been studied for a long time, but mostly as unrelated topics. To reconstruct the connection between Peirce’s reflection on intersubjectivity and the objectivity of mathematical theories, the paper is divided into three parts: (1) the first part introduces Peirce’s view of mathematics; (2) the second analyzes his peculiar “pragmatist realism,” which overcomes common dichotomies in the philosophy of mathematics; (3) the third illustrates the role that Peirce attributes to intersubjectivity in science, and investigates to what extent the intersubjective dimension is also essential in mathematics. (shrink)

Il linguaggio rappresenta uno degli aspetti più caratterizzanti di Processo e realtà e al contempo uno degli scogli più ardui per chi si accinge alla lettura. Per comprendere le ragioni di questa scelta, il presente articolo ripercorre le riflessioni di Whitehead sul linguaggio, sia ordinario che filosofico, per poi approdare ad un’analisi critica del linguaggio di Processo e realtà, tesa a mostrare il nesso profondo che sussiste tra la filosofia dell’evento e le decisioni che l’autore prende a livello lessicale e (...) sintattico. (shrink)

In this paper I shall approach, from the luck egalitarianism perspective, to the problem of distributive justice in the health care. For that purpose I will follow an argumentative strategy based in some of the statements argued by Ronald Dworkin and Shlomi Segall on which the origin of luck egalitarianism relays. Even though it is truth that Rawls at the time of proposing the principle of fair equality of opportunities, he intended to mitigate the social inequalities originated by luck; for (...) some egalitarian philosophers such as Ronald Dworkin, Rawls’ argument resulted inequitable since it did not consider the binomial liberty-responsibility. The consideration of responsibility as a criterion of distribution of healthcare resources will be tested and studied in three points. First of all I will expose the general aspects of luck egalitarianism and I will define the position of Daniels and Segall regarding healthcare assistance. In second term, I will go back to the distinction made by Dworkin between “brute luck” and “option luck” and I will expose his proposal about the resources equality and the healthcare model based on the ground of the liberty-responsibility binomial that he defends. In third place, I will analyze the relationship between liberty and responsibility in healthcare. This way I shall intend to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages that may arise from taking individual responsibility as a criterion for the distribution of resources. (shrink)

The relevance of this topic is due to the processes of INDUSTRY 4.0, which takes place in a new industrial revolution and requires the formation of a new management theory as a factor in creating an environmentally balanced and socially oriented economy, aimed at increasing the welfare of the population and improving the environmental performance. The purpose of the study is the conceptualization of the new theory of management as a factor in the creation of an environmentally balanced and socially (...) oriented economy, and the methodology of analysis. Objectives of the study : using the methodology of system analysis, to form a new management theory as a factor in the formation of an environmentally balanced and socially oriented economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0, as the current management paradigm is deeply constrained. Analysis of recent research and publications, which launched the solution to this problem. Works by Macston Graham and Randers Jorgen. "In search of prosperity. Managing Economic Development to Reduce Unemployment and Climate Change " and Meadow Donnelly, Meadow Denis, Rangers Jorgen. "The limits of growth. 30 years later " discusses the challenges facing the developed world today, including steady unemployment, growing inequality of property, and rapid climate change. Until today, most of the solutions to these problems were politically unacceptable for a world focused on short-term benefits and a desire for continued economic growth. The scientific novelty of the research is to identify the problems of interaction between man, society, nature in the conditions of INDUSTRY and the conditions for their overcoming, which contribute to the formation of a new theory of management as a factor in creating an environmentally balanced and socially oriented economy. The results of the study: the conditions for the formation of a stable society, based on which the creation of an environmentally balanced and socially oriented economy; the definition of sustainable development of society and the mission of a new management theory are revealed, which should change the dominant social philosophy, which is based on the paradigm of how people look at the world. Conclusion - the basis of the new theory of management - the improvement of the world, challenging many economic and managerial concepts of INDUSTRY 4.0, which are based on "the limits of growth". (shrink)

The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that new processes of informatization of society are unfolding in the conditions of new technological breakthroughs, which requires the formation of the concept of digital economy and digital management as components of the creation of an ecologically balanced and socially oriented economy, which aims at increasing the well-being of the population and improving the ecology of the population. The purpose of the study is to conceptualize the digital economy and digital (...) management in the face of new technological breakthroughs as a factor in the emergence of an environmentally balanced and socially-oriented economy, as one of the biggest challenges facing developed countries is sustainable unemployment, growing property inequality, rapid climate change and stochasticity of information. An analysis of the latest research and publications that address this issue. In the works of Maxton Graham and Randers Joergen “In search of prosperity. Managing Economic Development for Reducing Unemployment and Climate Change ”. In the second half of the twentieth century evidence has emerged of the exhaustion of global natural resources and the limited assimilation capabilities of the planetary ecosystem. The revolutionary work of the new vision was the first report by the Roman Club "Limits of Growth" by Donnelly and Dennis Meadows and Jorgen Randers, which forced them to reflect on the physical limits of human growth. “The limits of growth. 30 Years Later ”is an updated study based on new data on trends in the development of human civilization, improvements in the model and methodology of system dynamics and modern computer capabilities. Scientific novelty of the research is the identification of problems of interaction of the person, society, information in the conditions of new technological breakthroughs and conditions of overcoming the problems of stochastic information that contribute to the formation of a new concept of digital economy and digital management. Research results. The conditions of formation of the concept of digital economy and digital management in the conditions of new technological breakthroughs, on the basis of which the creation of a digital society is revealed. A new mission of digital economy and digital management is revealed, which should change the dominant essence of social philosophy, which underlies the great role of scientific and technological achievements that transform our reality. Conclusion - The formation of the concept of digital economy and digital management challenges many economic and managerial notions of new technological breakthroughs that underpin the "boundaries of growth" and the formation of digital society. (shrink)